face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 105, EDT 399, Щербак 1961, 120. Cf. also Chag. c?iber 'mountain goat' (R). The reflex -b- in Turkm. and Uygh. may be an indication of original vowel length (?) Shcherbak's hypothesis of the word being borrowed < Iranian is dubious; Pers. c?apis?, c?apus? itself may well be borrowed < Turkic. In any case, the Persian form cannot be a regular IE match for Lat. caper. Cf. WH 1, 157, sub caper: "Np. c?apis?...lautlich unmo"glich"; indeed, Common Iranian -p- (< IE -p-) > Mod. Pers. and NW-Iran. -b-, in exceptional cases -v- (Расторгуева ЗИФ 114-115); a parallel for caper may perhaps be found in Sak. cau_, Osset. ca"v 'goat' (see Аб. 1, 307, Bailey 105). One should mention the problematic "Wanderformen" Rum. cap, Alb. tsap, Ital. dial. cappo, Crim.-Goth. stap, Slav. *ca//pъ 'he-goat'; cf. also Oyr. c?a:p 'one year-old roebuck' ( < Mong.?). See Трубачев 1960, 89-90, Orel 47 with literature; note especially Hubschmid's (1954, 49) hypothesis of the Turkic origin of this Wanderwort.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|ir-qano|t 'a white-eyed dunbird, нырок белоглазый'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eqir (of eyes)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr 'dried in the sun, bleached'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr 'yellow'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekir 'grey (of eyes), wall-eye'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'grey (of eyes, horses)', s?egir 'grey (of eyes)'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'colourless (of eyes)'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'whitish'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|yr 'variegated'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr
face="Times New Roman Star"s?egir (of eyes)
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 96, TMN 2, 77, EDT 409, Федотов 2 387. Despite Fedotov c?okur 'variegated' is not related, it is < Mong. c?obkur (v. sub *s?op`e/). Despite Ra"sa"nen borrowed from Mong. can be only Yak. c?akyr 'white (of a horse)' (cf. also Dolg. c?akyr, see Stachowski 72), and perhaps the front-row forms (Kirgh. c?ekir, Kaz. s?egir, KKalp. s?egir - because of their restriction to the Kypch. area); but Mong.. c?akir / c?ekir 'whitish' is itself an obvious Turkism (see TMN ibid., Clark 1977, 134 with doubts). The root should be distinguished from nasalized forms: Oyr. c?an|qyr, Chuv. senker, Yak. c?en|gir, z?|en|gir, Kirgh. c?enkil, c?an|yl with the same set of meanings ('whitish, blue', often of eyes) = Mong. (Khalkha) cenxer id.; those should be compared with Tokh. A, B tsem. 'blue (of eyes)', Pers. zanga:r 'verdigris', whence Tat. za"n|ga"r (from Pers. zang 'rust', further derived with *za:'to leave, remain', Sak. ysa:ya" 'rust', Osset. zga", see Bailey 348-349). This is most probably an Iranian loanword in Turkic, Tokh. and Mong. (although a Chinese origin - cf. MC chien| 'blue' - is also possible). Cf. VEWT 104 (Turk. < Mong.), 531.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|-/c?aq- 'to produce sparks, shoot from a flint gun'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 'to pull the trigger', c?aqma 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, TMN 3, 80-81, Лексика 373. Kypch. > Chuv. c?akma 'fire steel', whence > Mari, Udm. (Федотов 2, 387). The verb is usually regarded as one of the meanings of *c?ak- 'hit, strike', but the semantics 'strike fire' is attested quite early and allows to use the Turkic material in the Altaic comparison.
face="Times New Roman Star"s?el 2, 'fat under skin', s?elpek 5
face="Times New Roman Star"s?el-te- 'to husk grain'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?elpek 5
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 103, EDT 418-419, Лексика 392. Ogh. c?el-tik > Pers. c?altuk, s?altu:k (despite VEWT 104). Turk. c?elpek > Pers. c?alpak (TMN 3, 1111). The meaning 'eye pus, mucus' in *c?el-pek developed under the influence of the similar *c?apak (see under *c?ap- 'plaster'), but the two roots should be clearly distinguished (despite EDT 418).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 turf 2 meadow 3 various kinds of grass (with seeds)
face="Times New Roman Star"1 дерн 2 луг, лужайка 3 различные виды трав
face="Times New Roman Star"c?y/im 1, c?imgen 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imen 2, c?im 1; c?emen 'тмин; пажитник'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aman 2, c?im 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?im 1, c?ima"n 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"ma"n 2, c?im 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emen 2, 'bundle, bouquet'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ym-c?olg|aj 'хлебенки (an edible bulbous plant')
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emene 'потничная трава'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"ma"n, c?ima"n 2 (< Pers.?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emc?em/n 'горец, птичья гречишка' (Дмитриева-Саллонтаи VII, 49)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ym 1; c?emirc?ek 'травянистое растение со съедобным корнем' (cf. also c?ymyldyq 'повилика', c?ymyldyryq, c?ymyndyq (dial.) 'чина')
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?im 1, c?imen 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"The primary root is *c?ym 'turf', whence *c?im-gen 'meadow', borrowed in Pers. c?aman (see EDT 423; not vice versa, despite TMN 2, 99-100); but many of the modern forms meaning 'meadow' or 'bouquet' are already backloans from Persian.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?an|a, c?en|e (Pav. C., AH)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"na"
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ene (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"na"
face="Times New Roman Star"sen|ie
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ena"
face="Times New Roman Star"cen|ge
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ene
face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 220. Despite Буд. 1, 483-484, D-T 98 the Pers. c?a:nah 'lower jaw' cannot be the source of Turkic forms; it does not have any Iranian etymology and is itself most likely a Turkism.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?irt- 2, 3, c?a"rda"k-la"- 'to hew'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ert- 2, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"rt- 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?irt- 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"sirte- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?irte- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ert- 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?irt- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s/art 'a dent for inserting bottom into banded vessels'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ert- 2, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ert- 2, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ert- 2, 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"sirt- 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ert- 'to mark'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ert- 2, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ert- 1, 2, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 105, EDT 428, Федотов 2, 87-88. The semantic development here is 'to make notches, indents' > 'break the edge', 'pinch' (whence 'to click with fingers') - not onomatopoetic, as suggested by Clauson.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o.lo|q 'handless, lame', c?o.lto|q 4; 'bungler, unskilled person'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaG 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oltuq 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 'handless, lame'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?oluq 'sensitive, huffish'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olu- 'to pull out, pick out', c?olz?|uj- 'become curved, warp', c?oloj- 'become short, limbless', c?oloq 1, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"s?olaq 4, s?oltyj- 'to shorten'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?olaq 1; s?oltan|-la- 'to move aside angrily'
face="Times New Roman Star"sulaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq (K) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?olaq 1, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 419-420, VEWT 115, TMN 3, 89, Дыбо 152. Turk. > Mong. c?olaq (Щербак 1997, 113). The existing forms are derived from a verb *c?ol- 'become defective' (cf. the attested OUygh. c?ol- and forms like Kirgh. c?olu-).
face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Pav. C., AH) 1, ert- (CCum.) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"eris?- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"irt- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ert- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dial. eris?- 1, ert- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.r- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"irt- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"irde:- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ires?- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"er- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"eris- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 288-289, 303, Федотов 1,172-173. Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 46) connects also PT *eril/- 'to contest, challenge' (ЭСТЯ 1, 293-294) - which, together with Mong. *eri- 'to seek, search' (HYere- `to hope'), should be rather kept apart (possibly a separate PA root *erV). Turk. > Hung. e/r- 'to reach', see Gombocz 1912.